{"id":568,"date":"2022-05-26T17:23:49","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T23:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/?page_id=568"},"modified":"2022-09-07T10:16:20","modified_gmt":"2022-09-07T16:16:20","slug":"sales-and-transport","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/beef-cattle-system\/sales-and-transport\/","title":{"rendered":"Sales and Transport"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-62916a90 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-style:solid;padding-top:25px;padding-right:25px;padding-bottom:25px;padding-left:25px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:25%\">\n<h6 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\">On This Page:<\/h6>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:75%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#StressBRD\" style=\"background-color:#47a67c\">System Overview<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#opportunities\" style=\"background-color:#47a67c\">System Opportunities<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-background\" href=\"#elements\" style=\"background-color:#47a67c\">System Elements<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"Selling Calves at Auction - From Ranch to Market\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/64iZt7HF70c?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption><sup>Source: Our Wyoming Life Youtube Channel. This channel features documentary style videos created by Erin and Mike, giving an inside look into the realities faced by a ranching family in Wyoming. <\/sup><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group alignwide has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#cf2d2d42\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\" id=\"StressBRD\">Stress and Bovine Respiratory Disease<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is the most costly disease of North American cattle, costing the American feedlot industry $800 000 000 to $900 000 000 USD annually [1],[2]. BRD can affect cattle at any stage of life, but stressors introduced by weaning, sales, and transport significantly increase the risk of the disease [3]-[5].  Having <a href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/amr-interventions\/stress-reduction\/\">stress reduction<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/immune-support\/\">immune support<\/a> techniques in place throughout these activities is critical to helping reduce illness.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group alignwide has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#f8f4e4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sales<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The majority of beef cattle sales occur at auction markets, where cattle from many different farms are brought together to be sold. The commingling of so many stressed animals is a large risk factor in the development of disease and illness, but it is still an efficient and traditional way for buyers and sellers to conduct a mutually beneficial exchange.  Sellers have access to many potential buyers, and buyers have access to many animals. For large feedlot operations, the ability to buy large quantities of similar animals is crucial. Feedlot pens are filled with animals that are uniform in size, weight, age, and sex so that they can receive optimal nutrition and care for their stage of growth. Often calves from several cow\/calf farms must be combined to fill one feedlot pen. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Access to clean water, food, and shelter is critical to helping the animals maintain their health. Animals that have been pre-weaned tend to eat more and pace less and hold up better to the transportation journeys before and after auction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some auction markets now facilitate online auctions, where the human participants can watch the proceedings and bid online. Other innovators are helping to facilitate direct sales, in which videos of cattle on their home ranch are used to showcase the animal, eliminating the need to transport them to the auction yard at all. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:38px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group alignwide has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#f8f4e4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Transport<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The welfare of cattle during transportation is important to Canadians, and is a highly regulated process. For a comprehensive look at transport considerations, the Beef Cattle Research Council has compiled a webpage that can be viewed here: <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/www.beefresearch.ca\/topics\/transport\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Beef Cattle Research Council Transport Information Page<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group alignwide has-ast-global-color-4-background-color has-background is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-8a913c42 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:15px;padding-right:15px;padding-bottom:15px;padding-left:15px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d40b31e wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:5px;padding-right:5px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\">\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\" id=\"opportunities\">Sales and Transport Opportunities<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-style-default\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"814\" data-src=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/auction-3-01-1024x814.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1686 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/auction-3-01-1024x814.png 1024w, https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/auction-3-01-300x238.png 300w, https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/auction-3-01-768x610.png 768w, https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/auction-3-01-1536x1220.png 1536w, https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/auction-3-01.png 1850w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/814;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/immune-support\/stress-reduction\/\">Stress Reduction<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/animal-distancing\/\">Animal Distancing<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/surveillance-and-tracking\/supply-chain-transparency\/\">Supply Chain Transparency<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-45b20515 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/2022\/06\/07\/direct-sales\/\">Direct Sales<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/surveillance-and-tracking\/animal-health-records\/\">Animal Health Records<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-100\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/environmental-protection\/sanitation\/\">Sanitation<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:40px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group alignwide has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#47a67b59\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"elements\">System Elements<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>The visual below is based on a framework proposed by Davis et al [6]. to investigate complex systems. Click on each of the icons to learn more about each system element.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For a text-only version of the visual, you can use <a data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/sales-and-transport-system-elements\/\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/sales-and-transport-system-elements\/\">this page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-14\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"14\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Transport Elements\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><sup>Photo &#8220;Livestock Transport&#8221; by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/192630480@N08\/51690823330\/in\/photolist-2mKJYTU-o54tYU-qwVfMm-djwBY1-2hkK2Cv-nQkp38-2jyHBMb-2gYCdGZ-pSccws-28yujNi-28A8MWX-o7wXTT-ukmop1-MQAP7h-27bC78h-DXdbSn-24iQuCf-Hpx3FF-2hYzkoc-o7Mtex-XkguxJ-X1CA4S-2b8eTZK-aiD8XW-wKDrWg-2hhcDZq-nQj4n6-VKpTFS-2nxr7u3-o7QaZr-28A8MnR-X4BfG8-hvbS4v-o767TG-29Y81Tr-27djoxL-q6c6xu-fDW7Rt-ouMMVA-xfdUUb-nPKajp-VZMpkq-Hpx3Yz-WcZisC-2m3s1xX-VZMpu3-xVoZXr-fEdSCh-hvcxTE-Ye6zr8\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Charles Henry. H. Texas &#8211; Parmer &#8211; Friona &#8211; 2009.<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Further Reading<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-vertical is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fe9cc265 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/www.beefresearch.ca\/blog\/updated-livestock-transport-regulations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Updated Livestock Transport Regulations and What You Need to Know | Beef Cattle Research Council<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/inspection.canada.ca\/animal-health\/humane-transport\/livestock-and-poultry-transport-in-canada\/eng\/1363748532198\/1363748620219\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Livestock and Poultry Transport in Canada | Government of Canada<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:62px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group alignwide has-background is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"background-color:#f8f4e4\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Beef Cattle Research Council, \u2018Bovine Respiratory Disease &#8211; BeefResearch.ca\u2019, <em>Beef Research<\/em>, Jul. 25, 2022.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.beefresearch.ca\/topics\/bovine-respiratory-disease\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> https:\/\/www.beefresearch.ca\/topics\/bovine-respiratory-disease\/<\/a> (accessed Aug. 17, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&#8216;Preview: Economic Effects of Bovine Respiratory Disease&#8217;, <em>J. Anim. Sci.<\/em>, vol. 98, no. 2, Feb. 2020, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jas\/skaa042\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1093\/jas\/skaa042.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[3]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; J. D. Taylor, R. W. Fulton, T. W. Lehenbauer, D. L. Step, and A. W. Confer,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2942046\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> \u2018The epidemiology of bovine respiratory disease: What is the evidence for predisposing factors?\u2019<\/a>, <em>Can. Vet. J.<\/em>, vol. 51, no. 10, pp. 1095\u20131102, Oct. 2010.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[4]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; P. Griebel, K. Hill, and J. Stookey, \u2018How stress alters immune responses during respiratory infection\u2019, <em>Anim. Health Res. Rev.<\/em>, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 161\u2013165, Dec. 2014, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca\/25497501\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1017\/S1466252314000280<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[5]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; P. D. Hodgson <em>et al.<\/em>, \u2018Effect of stress on viral-bacterial synergy in bovine respiratory disease: novel mechanisms to regulate inflammation\u2019, <em>Comp. Funct. Genomics<\/em>, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 244\u2013250, 2005, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary-wiley-com.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca\/doi\/full\/10.1002\/cfg.474\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1002\/cfg.474<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[6]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; M. C. Davis, R. Challenger, D. N. W. Jayewardene, and C. W. Clegg, \u2018Advancing socio-technical systems thinking: A call for bravery\u2019, <em>Appl. Ergon.<\/em>, vol. 45, no. 2, Part A, pp. 171\u2013180, Mar. 2014, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S000368701300032X\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.02.009<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:33px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-75\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-5-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/beef-cattle-system\/weaning\" style=\"background-color:#47a67c\">\u2190 Explore Weaning <\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-right is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-d445cf74 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-75\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-5-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/feedlot\/\" style=\"background-color:#47a67c\">Explore Feedlots \u2192<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On This Page: Stress and Bovine Respiratory Disease Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is the most costly disease of North American cattle, costing the American feedlot industry $800 000 000 to $900 000 000 USD annually [1],[2]. BRD can affect cattle at any stage of life, but stressors introduced by weaning, sales, and transport significantly increase [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":442,"featured_media":0,"parent":272,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-568","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sales and Transport - Antimicrobial Resistance Opportunity Mapping<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/beef-cattle-system\/sales-and-transport\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sales and Transport - Antimicrobial Resistance Opportunity Mapping\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"On This Page: Stress and Bovine Respiratory Disease Bovine Respiratory Disease (BRD) is the most costly disease of North American cattle, costing the American feedlot industry $800 000 000 to $900 000 000 USD annually [1],[2]. 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