{"id":1757,"date":"2022-08-15T17:29:55","date_gmt":"2022-08-15T23:29:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/?p=1757"},"modified":"2022-09-23T14:40:22","modified_gmt":"2022-09-23T20:40:22","slug":"phage-therapy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/2022\/08\/15\/phage-therapy\/","title":{"rendered":"Phage Therapy"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group has-border-color has-ast-global-color-3-border-color is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:40px;border-style:solid;border-width:6px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is it?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe title=\"The Deadliest Being on Planet Earth \u2013 The Bacteriophage\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YI3tsmFsrOg?start=166&#038;feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" class=\"lazyload\" data-load-mode=\"1\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">The Bacteriophage. Video produced by Kurzgesagt &#8211; In a nutshell and created with scientific advice and editing by James Gurney.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria [1]. Phages are smaller and more abundant than bacteria and can be found all around the globe.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Similar to viruses, phages are species-specific and can typically only infect a single bacterial species or strain. Phage therapy involves using specific phages to target and destroy the specific disease-causing bacterial population.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:50%\">\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-heading\">Challenges<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\"><li>Phage therapy is largely still in the research and development phase and is not widely available for use in Canada. <\/li><li>As phages are virus-specific, the exact causative agent of the infection or disease must be known for phage therapy to be used. <\/li><li>Phages are only effective against bacteria and not other microbes that may lead to AMR, such as viruses or parasites.<\/li><\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:42px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-f09f661a wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:5px;padding-right:5px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Does it Prevent AMR?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>As we move into a post-antibiotic era, phage therapy offers an alternative solution to selectively targeting and killing bacteria. As a note, phages cannot infect human cells. They can only infect bacteria, which makes them a unique tool in fighting the development of antibiotic resistance.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:32px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-d452266d wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"border-radius:10px;border-style:solid;padding-top:5px;padding-right:20px;padding-bottom:20px;padding-left:20px\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f350720d wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:20px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Existing Tools<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\"><a href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/maturity-level\/\">Maturity Level*<\/a><\/h4>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<h4 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Notes<\/h4>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-radius:44px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<div style=\"height:15px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-098cc607 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-75\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/vet.ucalgary.ca\/contact-us\/dongyan-niu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Bacteriophage Biocontrol<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"419\" data-src=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/Maturity-Scale-03-1-1024x419.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1555 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/Maturity-Scale-03-1-1024x419.png 1024w, https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/Maturity-Scale-03-1-300x123.png 300w, https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/Maturity-Scale-03-1-768x314.png 768w, https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/Maturity-Scale-03-1-1536x628.png 1536w, https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2022\/08\/Maturity-Scale-03-1-2048x838.png 2048w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 1024px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 1024\/419;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>Current research at the University of Calgary by Dr. Niu is focused on bacteriophage-derived biocontrol to intervene in antimicrobial resistance transfer [2]. &nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"border-radius:44px\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:100%\">\n<div style=\"height:27px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size has-medium-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-5-color has-ast-global-color-7-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/contact\/\"><em>Help us fill in this section with other existing solutions!<\/em><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:68px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Further Reading <\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/globalnews.ca\/news\/5095251\/phage-therapy-superbug-therapy\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Phage therapy: Superbug victim hoping to become the first to receive experimental life-saving treatment in Canada | Global News<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/phe\/article\/13\/1\/82\/5741402\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">The Future of Phage: Ethical Challenges of Using Phage Therapy to Treat Bacterial Infections | Public Health Ethics<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Research Gaps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size has-medium-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-5-color has-ast-global-color-7-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/contact\/\"><em>Help us fill in this section!<\/em><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Product\/Service Gaps<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-font-size has-medium-font-size\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-5-color has-ast-global-color-7-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/contact\/\"><em>Help us fill in this section!<\/em><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">References<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[1]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; M. R. J. Clokie, A. D. Millard, A. V. Letarov, and S. Heaphy, \u2018Phages in nature\u2019, <em>Bacteriophage<\/em>, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31\u201345, Jan. 2011, doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/www-tandfonline-com.ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca\/doi\/full\/10.4161\/bact.1.1.14942\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">10.4161\/bact.1.1.14942<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size\">[2]&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u2018Dongyan Niu\u2019, <em>Faculty of Veterinary Medicine<\/em>, Jan. 06, 2020.<a href=\"https:\/\/vet.ucalgary.ca\/contact-us\/dongyan-niu\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> https:\/\/vet.ucalgary.ca\/contact-us\/dongyan-niu<\/a> (accessed Aug. 22, 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity is-style-wide\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Opportunity Categorization<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-vertical is-content-justification-center is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-40a92a1b wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-5-color has-ast-global-color-0-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/immune-support\/\"><strong>Immune Support<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button has-custom-width wp-block-button__width-50\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-text-color\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/immune-support\/unnecessary-antibiotic-use\/\">Avoid Unnecessary Antibiotics<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"inherit-container-width wp-block-group is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<h5 class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-heading\">Related Opportunities:<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a89b3969 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-ast-global-color-8-color has-ast-global-color-2-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/home\/fighting-amr\/immune-support\/vaccinations\/\">Vaccinations<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-white-color has-ast-global-color-3-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/2022\/08\/15\/gut-health-2\/\">Gut Health<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What is it? The Bacteriophage. Video produced by Kurzgesagt &#8211; In a nutshell and created with scientific advice and editing by James Gurney. Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that infect bacteria [1]. Phages are smaller and more abundant than bacteria and can be found all around the globe.&nbsp;&nbsp; Similar to viruses, phages are species-specific and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":441,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[14,13,30,17,32,25,18,33,20,15,9,24,21,16],"tags":[39],"class_list":["post-1757","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-amr-researcher","category-beef-producer","category-business-opportunist","category-cow-calf-ranch","category-dairy","category-feedlot-level-of-production","category-feedlot","category-opportunities","category-process","category-product","category-service-innovation","category-technology-developer","category-user-need","category-veterinarians","tag-unmet-need"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Phage Therapy - Antimicrobial Resistance Opportunity Mapping<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/wpsites.ucalgary.ca\/amr-intervention-maps\/2022\/08\/15\/phage-therapy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Phage Therapy - Antimicrobial Resistance Opportunity Mapping\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"What is it? 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